In the accusative case (direct object case) and dative case (indirect object case), some personal pronouns change their endings. Possessive pronoun before plural nouns also require an ending “-e”. "die Tochter" (daughter) is a feminine noun and the possessive pronoun before feminine noun requires an ending “-e”.ĭie Nachbarn (neighbors) is a plural noun. This "ihr" is clearly not a second-person pronoun "you", because it is not capitalized. The context of the word "ihr" in the sentence shows whether "ihr" is being used as "her" or "their". wife) is a feminine noun, so an ending “-e” is required here.ĭer Sohn (son) is a masculine noun and possessive pronoun “ihr” before the masculine noun requires no “-e” ending. "der Bruder" (borther) and "der Name" (name) are masculine nouns, therefore no ending “-e” is required. "die Schwester" (sister) is a feminine noun, and requires an ending "-e" with any possessive pronoun coming before it.Įr ist mein Bruder. (Thomas is their son.)Īna ist ihr e Tochter. When showing possession of feminine and plural nouns, an ending “-e” is added to possessive pronouns. In English, possessive pronouns are my, your, his, her, its, our, your, and their.Īgain, we can see 2nd person polite form, 3rd Person feminine, and 3rd person plural has the same possessive pronoun, but the difference is the capitalization of 2nd person polite form.Īdding an ending "-e" with feminine and plural pronouns Possessive pronouns in the nominative case So German personal pronouns in the accusative case (objective pronouns) will be discussed in chapter 14 (Pronouns in accusative), after the discussion of the accusative case. As this course is step by step and we haven’t learned verbs yet. The objective case in German is called "Akkusativ". Object pronouns in English are: me, you, her, him, it, us, and them. (Object is a noun that receives the action in the sentence.) Object pronouns replace the object of the sentence. In this sentence, the context of “Sie” and the grammatical structure of the sentence are telling us the meaning, because “ist” (is) can’t be used with second-person pronouns. In the above example, “Sie” (she) has to be capitalized because it is coming at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, the context and structure of the sentence tell the nature of “Sie”. Confusion may occur when “Sie” is written at the beginning of a new sentence because every new sentence begins with a capital letter. The structure of the sentence helps to recognize whether it’s “she” or “they”. “sie” with small “s” is used for “she” and “they”. Important: Apart from the second-person pronoun "Sie", there are two more “sie” pronouns in German. If you are not sure which form is to be used, “Sie” is always on safer side. Office colleagues at the same level of a job use “du” but seniors or junior colleagues are normally addressed as “Sie”. Similarly students at same level in a school or university use “du”. When you don’t know somebody or even not familiar with somebody, you would address him/her “Sie”.ĭu is used when people know each other closely, for example family members use “du” for each other. It is used in official writings and talks. Sie (with the capital S) is the formal form. In German, subject pronouns (pronouns in the nominative case) are: These are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.įor example, we are going to the market. Subject pronouns replace the name of the subject in the sentence. (These names, nominative case, and accusative case are also used in the English language.) In the German language, the subject is "der Nominativ" and the object is the "der Akkusativ". Personal pronouns can be subject pronouns and object pronouns. In the English language personal pronouns are I, we, you, etc. Personal pronouns are used to represent a specific person/persons or a thing/things and are associated with the particular grammatical person, i.e. personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. Like in English, German also has four categories of pronouns i.e. For example, in the English language, Harry is a doctor. To see the complete explaination of German pronouns, please visit the page German Pronouns under the sectionĪ pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. Note for the visitors who have directly landed on this page from the search engine, this page is part of the step-by-step German learning course at level A1. 's course book with extended exercises and explanations
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